“miman” vs. “ika”：Perfect Guide For You to Use Them

2020年11月24日2022年8月21日

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“miman” vs. “ika“：Perfect Guide For You to Use Them

What is the difference between “未満みまん(miman) and 以下いか(ika)”? Which is a more natural Japanese? After reading this, you would be answering this question. Let me introduce what their subtle differences are and how you correctly use them such as native speakers today!

A未満みまん (miman)

Less than A, Below A, Under A / 不到 / 미만 / chưa đủ…

“A未満みまん (miman)” means “Less than A, Below A Or Under A” and which has been used as the meaning of “a smaller number or amount than A”. The basic way to use it is “A未満みまん(Less than A / Below A)”, etc. For instance, “１年未満いちねんみまん(less than 1 year)”, “２時間未満にじかんみまん(less than 2 hours)”, “３０日未満さんじゅうにちみまん(less than 30 days)”, etc. The tips for using it are that “A未満みまん” DOES NOT INCLUDE A. Everybody could use “未満みまん” in daily conversations as casual and in business situations as formal such as “１年未満いちねんみまんだよ。(It’s less than 1 year.)” as casual and “１年未満いちねんみなんです。(It’s less than 1 year.)” as formal and which is used as polite. Lastly, “２時間未満にじかんいか(less than 2 hours)” means “1.5, 1, 0.5 … hours”, “３０日未満さんじゅうにちみまん(less than 30 days)” means “29, 28, 27, 26 …. days”, etc.

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Sample

yuka

目的地もくてきちは現在地げんざいちから２キロ未満みまんです。 (The destination is less than 2 kilometers of where we are.) (目的地距离当前的位置不到2公里。) (목적지는 현 위치로부터 2킬로미터 미만입니다.) (Điểm đến cách vị trí hiện tại của bạn chưa tới 2 km.) (mokutekichi wa genzaichi kara ni kiro miman desu.)

tatsuya

３歳さんさい未満みまんの子供こどもは無料むりょうだよ。 (It’s free for children under the age of 3.) (3岁以下的儿童免费。) (3세 미만의 어린이는 무료야.) (Trẻ em dưới 3 tuổi được miễn phí đấy.) (san sai miman no kodomo wa muryō dayo.)

yuka

３みっつ未満みまんしか買かえないんだー。 (We can buy it only less than 3.) (只能买不到3个。) (3개 미만으로 밖에 살 수 없는 건가.) (Tôi chỉ có thể mua dưới 3 cái thôi.) (mittsu miman shika kae nai nda-.)

tatsuya

持もち込こみの手荷物てにもつは７ななキロ未満みまんじゃないとダメだよ。 (Carry-on baggage must be less than 7 kilos.) (手提行李必须少于7公斤。) (기내 수하물은 7킬로그램 미만이 아니면 안돼.) (Hành lý xách tay mà không dưới 7 cân là không được đâu đấy.) (mochikomi no tenimotsu wa na nakiro miman janaito dame dayo.)

A以下いか (ika)

A or less, A or below, Within A, Up to A / 以下 / 이하 / dưới,nhỏ hơn…

“A以下いか (ika)” means “A or less, A or below, Within A Or Up to A” and which has been used as the meaning of “a smaller number or amount than A”. The basic way to use it is “A以下いか(A or less)”, etc. For instance, “１年以下いちねんいか(1 year or under)”, “２時間以下にじかんいか(2 hours or less)”, “３０日以下さんじゅうにちいか(30 days or less)”, etc. The tips for using it are that “A以下いか” INCLUDES A. Everybody could use “以下いか” in daily conversations as casual and in daily conversations as formal such as “１年以下いちねんいかだよ。(It’s 1 year or under.)” as casual and “１年以下いちねんいかです。(It’s 1 year or less.)” as formal and which is used as polite. Furthermore, “２時間以下にじかんいか(2 hours or less)” means “2, 1 …. hours”, “３０日以下さんじゅうにちいか(30 days or less)” means “30, 29, 28, 27 …. days”, etc. Lastly, “以内いない” is used for the distance.

Sample

yuka

目的地もくてきちは現在地げんざいちから２キロ以内いないです。 (The destination is within 2 kilometers of where we are.) (目的地距离当前的位置不到2公里。) (목적지는 현 위치로부터 2킬로미터 이내입니다.) (Điểm đến cách vị trí hiện tại trong phạm vi 2 kilômét.) (mokutekichi wa genzaichi kara ni kiro inai desu.)

tatsuya

３歳さんさい以下いかの子供こどもは無料むりょうだよ。 (Children of three years or under are free.) (3岁及以下的儿童免费。) (3세 이하의 어린이는 무료야.) (Trẻ em từ 3 tuổi trở xuống được miễn phí đấy.) (san sai ika no kodomo wa muryō dayo.)

yuka

３みっつ以下いかしか買かえないんだー。 (We can buy it only up to 3.) (我只买三个或更少。) (3개 이하로밖에 살 수 없어.) (Tôi chỉ có thể mua từ 3 cái trở xuống.) (mittsu ika shika kaenai nda-.)

tatsuya

持もち込こみの手荷物てにもつは７ななキロ以下いかじゃないとダメだよ。 (Carry-on baggage must be up to 7 kilos.) (手提行李必须少于7公斤。) (기내 수하물은 7킬로 이하가 아니면 안돼.) (Hành lý xách tay mà không dưới 7 cân là không được đâu đấy.) (mochikomi no tenimotsu wa nana kiro ika janaito dame dayo.)