temo ii vs te wa ikenai Permission and Prohibition N4 Grammar Guide

Can I sit here? You can’t park here. May I open the window? — these everyday situations all require knowing how to express permission and prohibition in Japanese. Two grammar patterns handle most of this: 〜てもいい (te mo ii) and 〜てはいけない (te wa ikenai). They look similar but mean completely opposite things. This guide breaks them down clearly for N4 learners.

PatternMeaningNuanceExample
〜てもいいIt’s OK to / You may / Can I…?Permission or asking permissionここに座ってもいいですか?
〜てはいけないYou must not / It’s not OK toProhibition — rule or strong adviceここに入ってはいけない。
〜てはいけませんYou must not (polite)Same as above, polite register写真を撮ってはいけません。
〜てもいいですYou may / It’s OK (polite)Granting permission食べてもいいですよ。
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Formation: How to Build These Patterns

Both patterns attach to the te-form (て形) of a verb. If you need a refresher on te-form conjugation, check out the te-form guide linked in the Keep Learning section below.

〜てもいい (Permission)

Formula: [Verb te-form] + もいい

VerbTe-form+ もいいMeaning
食べる (taberu)食べて食べてもいいIt’s OK to eat / You may eat
行く (iku)行って行ってもいいIt’s OK to go
使う (tsukau)使って使ってもいいIt’s OK to use
休む (yasumu)休んで休んでもいいIt’s OK to rest
する (suru)してしてもいいIt’s OK to do

〜てはいけない (Prohibition)

Formula: [Verb te-form] + はいけない (plain) / はいけません (polite)

VerbTe-form+ はいけないMeaning
入る (hairu)入って入ってはいけないYou must not enter
触る (sawaru)触って触ってはいけないYou must not touch
撮る (toru)撮って撮ってはいけないYou must not take photos
嘘をつく (uso wo tsuku)嘘をついて嘘をついてはいけないYou must not lie
する (suru)してしてはいけないYou must not do
Yuka

A quick tip: in casual spoken Japanese, てはいけない is often shortened to ちゃいけない or じゃいけない. So you might hear 入っちゃいけない instead of 入ってはいけない. Same meaning, just more natural in conversation!

How to Ask for Permission

To ask for permission (not just state it), turn the pattern into a question with . This is one of the most practical daily uses of this grammar.

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ここに座ってもいいですか?Koko ni suwatte mo ii desu ka?Is it OK if I sit here? / May I sit here?
窓を開けてもいいですか?Mado wo akete mo ii desu ka?Can I open the window?
少し遅れてもいいですか?Sukoshi okurete mo ii desu ka?Is it OK if I’m a little late?
日本語で話してもいいですか?Nihongo de hanashite mo ii desu ka?May I speak in Japanese?
トイレを借りてもいいですか?Toire wo karite mo ii desu ka?May I use your restroom?

Responding to permission requests:

ResponseRomajiMeaning
はい、いいですよ。Hai, ii desu yo.Yes, that’s fine. / Go ahead.
どうぞ。Douzo.Please go ahead. (casual approval)
ちょっと…。Chotto…Hmm, that’s a bit… (polite refusal)
すみません、ちょっと困ります。Sumimasen, chotto komarimasu.I’m sorry, that would be a problem.

Nuance: Soft vs. Strong Prohibition

Japanese has several ways to express “you shouldn’t” or “you can’t,” ranging from a soft suggestion to a firm prohibition. Here’s how they compare:

ExpressionStrengthNuanceExample
〜ない方がいいSoft advice“You’d better not…” — suggestion無理しない方がいいよ。
〜てはいけないMedium-strong rule“You must not…” — rule or prohibitionここに入ってはいけない。
〜てはならないStrong, formal“One must not…” — legal/moral rule法律を破ってはならない。
〜てはだめCasual“No doing X” — informal scolding嘘をついてはだめ!

Important for English speakers: In English, “You can’t do that” can mean physical impossibility OR prohibition depending on context. In Japanese, these are clearly separated: 〜できない means “can’t (ability)” and 〜てはいけない means “must not (prohibition).” Don’t mix them up!

Rei

〜てはならない is stronger and more formal than 〜てはいけない. You’ll see 〜てはならない in laws, school rules, or moral declarations. In daily conversation, 〜てはいけない or 〜てはだめ (casual) are more natural.

Real-Life Examples: Signs, Rules, and Daily Conversation

These patterns appear constantly in signage, workplace rules, and everyday conversation.

Signs and Rules (〜てはいけません)

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。Koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen.No smoking here.
この道に駐車してはいけません。Kono michi ni chuusha shite wa ikemasen.No parking on this road.
試験中に話してはいけません。Shiken-chuu ni hanashite wa ikemasen.No talking during the exam.

Permission in Daily Conversation

JapaneseRomajiEnglish
A: 先に帰ってもいいですか? B: はい、いいですよ。Saki ni kaette mo ii desu ka? / Hai, ii desu yo.A: May I leave early? B: Yes, that’s fine.
A: ペンを借りてもいいですか? B: どうぞ。Pen wo karite mo ii desu ka? / Douzo.A: May I borrow your pen? B: Go ahead.
A: 電気をつけてもいいですか? B: ちょっと…。Denki wo tsukete mo ii desu ka? / Chotto…A: Can I turn on the light? B: Hmm… (not ideal)

Quick Quiz: Permission and Prohibition

Fill in the blank with the correct grammar pattern. Answers appear below each question.

Q1. May I take a photo here?
ここで写真を___?
(hint: 撮る — te-form: 撮って)

▼ Answer: 撮ってもいいですか (totte mo ii desu ka)

Q2. You must not run in the hallway.
廊下を___。
(hint: 走る — te-form: 走って)

▼ Answer: 走ってはいけません (hashitte wa ikemasen)

Q3. Is it OK if I eat now?
もう___?
(hint: 食べる — te-form: 食べて)

▼ Answer: 食べてもいいですか (tabete mo ii desu ka)

Q4. You must not lie.
嘘を___。
(hint: 嘘をつく — te-form: 嘘をついて)

▼ Answer: 嘘をついてはいけない (uso wo tsuite wa ikenai)

Q5. Can I call you later?
後で___?
(hint: 電話する — te-form: 電話して)

▼ Answer: 電話してもいいですか (denwa shite mo ii desu ka)

Summary Table

PatternFormUseRegister
〜てもいいte-form + もいいPermission / asking permissionPlain (casual)
〜てもいいですかte-form + もいいですかPolitely asking permissionPolite
〜てはいけないte-form + はいけないProhibitionPlain
〜てはいけませんte-form + はいけませんPolite prohibition (rules/signs)Polite
〜ちゃいけないcontracted て + はいけないCasual prohibitionCasual/spoken

What situations do you use these patterns in? Share your example sentences in the comments — it’s a great way to practice!

Want to practice these patterns with a real Japanese speaker? Find a Japanese tutor on italki and role-play everyday permission and rule scenarios. It makes the grammar stick much faster.

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