“ijō” vs. “ika”：Can You Really Use These Correctly?
What is the difference between “以上(ijō) and 以下(ika)”? Which is “more” and “less”? After reading this, you would be answering this question. Let me introduce what their subtle differences are and how you correctly use them such as native speakers today!
A 以上 (ijō)
A or more, A or over, At least A / 以上 / 이상 / nhiều hơn
“A 以上 (ijō)” means “A or more, A or over Or At least A” and which has been used as the meaning of “a larger or extra number or amount than A”. The basic way to use it is “A以上(A or more.)”, etc. For instance, “１年以上(1 year or over)”, “２時間以上(2 hours or more)”, “３０日以上(30 days or more)”, etc. The tips for using it are that “A以上” INCLUDES A. Everybody could use “以上” in daily conversations as casual and in daily conversations as formal such as “１年以上だよ。(It’s 1 year or over.)” as casual and “１年以上です。(It’s 1 year or over.)” as formal and which is used as polite. Lastly, “２時間以上(2 hours or more)” means “2, 3, 4, 5 …. hours”, “３０日以上(30 days or more)” means “30, 31, 32, 33, 34 …. days”, etc.
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Sample
yuka３人以上いないと、このレストランは予約ができないみたいね。 (We need at least 3 people to make a reservation at the restaurant.) (这家餐厅如果没有3个人以上好像就不能预订。) (3명 이상이 아니면 이 레스토랑은 예약을 할 수 없는 것 같아.) (Nghe nói là nhà hàng này nếu không có nhiều hơn 3 người thì không thể đặt bàn trước.) (san nin ijō inai to, kono resutoran wa yoyaku ga dekinai mitai ne.)
tatsuyaあのお菓子、３つ以上買ってきてくれない？ (Can you buy those sweets three or more?) (这个零食你可以帮我买3个以上吗？) (저 과자 세 개 이상 사다 주지 않을래?) (Bạn có thể mua giúp tôi cái bánh đó 3 cái trở lên được không?) (ano okashi, mittsu ijō katte kite kure nai?)
yuka日本では、二十歳以上じゃないとお酒は飲めないよ。 (Only people who are 20 or over can drink in Japan.) (在日本没有超过20岁是不能喝酒的喔。) (일본에서는 스무살 이상이 아니면 술은 마실 수 없어.) (Ở Nhật Bản, nếu chưa được 20 tuổi thì sẽ không thể uống rượu.) (Nihon dewa, hatachi ijō ja nai to o sake wa nomenai yo.)
tatsuya日本では１８歳以上にならないと車の運転ができないんだ。 (Only people who are 18 or over can drive a car in Japan.) (在日本没有超过18岁是不能开车的。) (일본에서는 18세 이상이 되지 않으면 운전할 수 없어.) (Ở Nhật Bản, nếu chưa đủ 18 tuổi sẽ không thể lái xe hơi.) (Nihon dewa jūhassai ijō ni nara naito kuruma no unten ga dekinai nda.)
A 以下 (ika)
A or less, A or below, Within A, Up to A / 以下 / 이하 / ít hơn
“A 以下 (ika)” means “A or less, A or below, Within A Or Up to A” and which has been used as the meaning of “a smaller number or amount than A”. The basic way to use it is “A以下(A or less.)”, etc. For instance, “１年以下(1 year or under)”, “２時間以下(2 hours or less)”, “３０日以下(30 days or less)”, etc. The tips for using it are that “A以下” INCLUDES A. Everybody could use “以下” in daily conversations as casual and in daily conversations as formal such as “１年以下だよ。(It’s 1 year or under.)” as casual and “１年以下です。(It’s 1 year or less.)” as formal and which is used as polite. Furthermore, “２時間以下(2 hours or less)” means “2, 1 …. hours”, “３０日以下(30 days or less)” means “30, 29, 28, 27 …. days”, etc. Lastly, “以内” is used for the distance.
Sample
yuka３歳以下の子供は無料だよ。 (Children of three years or under are free.) (3岁以下的儿童免费。) (3세 이하의 어린이는 무료야.) (Trẻ em từ 3 tuổi trở xuống được miễn phí đấy.) (san sai ika no kodomo wa muryō dayo.)
tatsuya目的地は現在地から２キロ以内です。 (The destination is within 2 kilometers of where we are.) (目的地距离当前的位置不到2公里。) (목적지는 현 위치로부터 2킬로미터 이내입니다.) (Điểm đến cách vị trí hiện tại trong phạm vi 2 kilômét.) (mokutekichi wa genzaichi kara ni kiro inai desu.)
yuka持ち込みの手荷物は７キロ以下じゃないとダメだよ。 (Carry-on baggage must be up to 7 kilos.) (手提行李不能超过7公斤喔。) (기내 수하물은 7킬로 이하가 아니면 안돼.) (Hành lý xách tay không được vượt quá 7 cân đấy.) (mochikomi no tenimotsu wa nana kiro ika ja nai to dame dayo.)
tatsuya３つ以下しか買えないのかー。 (We can buy it only up to 3.) (你只给买了3个以下啊。) (3개 이하 밖에 살 수 없는 건가.) (Tôi chỉ có thể mua từ 3 cái trở xuống thôi ư?) (mittsu ika shika kaenai no ka-.)
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