“toreru” vs. “hazureru”：Most Learners Don’t Know How to Use
What is the difference between “取れる(toreru) and 外れる(hazureru)”? Which is used: ネジが取れる or ネジが 外れる? After reading this, you would be answering this question. Let me introduce what their subtle differences are and how you correctly use them such as native speakers today!
取れる (toreru) / 外れる (hazureru)
Come off / 取下、拿下, 脱落 / 떨어지다, 분리되다 / Lấy, rơi ra / Tuột ra, bung ra
“取れる(toreru) and 外れる(hazureru)” means “Come off” and which has been used as the meaning of “To detach from something else”. The basic way to use it is “___が取れる/外れる”, etc. For instance, “ネジが取れる/外れる。(The screw comes off.)”, “ドアが取れる/外れる。(The door comes off.)”, “タイヤが取れる/外れる。(The tire comes off.)”, etc. The tips for using them are that basically they are interchangeable, however, they have subtle differences which are “取れる” sounds “BROKEN” and “外れる” sounds “COME OFF”, so “ネジが取れる。(The screw comes off.)” sounds “The screw was broken” and “ネジが取れる/外れる。(The screw comes off.)” sounds “come off” by using a “screwdriver”. Furthermore, some native Japanese speakers think “ネジが取れる。(The screw comes off.)” means “There’s the screw anymore.” and “ネジが取れる/外れる。(The screw comes off.)” means “There’s the screw here” because of using the “screwdriver”. Everybody could use “取れる and 外れる” in daily conversations as casual and in business situations as formal such as “ネジが取れる/外れたよ。(The screw came off.)” as casual and “ネジが取れる/外れました。(The screw came off.)” as formal and which is also used as polite. Additionally, although they are so close each other, native speakers tend to use “取れる” in daily conversations. Lastly “取れる” has the other meaning which is “get rid of”, whereas “外れる” doesn’t have this meaning. So, “取れる” is sometimes used as the meaning of “外れる” and it’s not sometimes used.
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Sample
yuka取れないー！ (It won’t come off!) (拿不下来！) (안 잡혀!) (Không lấy được!) (torenai-!)
tatsuya外れないー！ (It won’t come off!) (取不下来！) (안 빠져!) (Không tháo/tách ra được!) (hazurenai-!)
yuka取れた！ (It has come off!) (拿下来了！) (잡았다!) (Lấy được rồi!) (toreta!)
tatsuya外れた！ (It has come off!) (弄开了！) (빠졌다!) (Bị tuột ra rồi!) (hazureta!)
yuka何度拭いても汚れが取れない！ (No matter how hard I rub it, I can’t get rid of the stain.) (脏东西无论擦多少次都擦不掉！) (몇번을 닦아도 얼룩이 안 지워져!) (Dù tôi có lau bao nhiêu lần đi chăng nữa thì cũng không lau sạch vết bẩn được!) (nando fuite mo yogore ga torenai!)
tatsuyaネジが緩んできて外れそう。 (The screw is getting loose and is about to come off.) (螺丝松开了，快要掉下来了。) (나사가 느슨해져서 빠질 것 같아.) (Ốc vít bị lỏng chắc sắp rơi ra rồi.) (neji ga yurunde kite hazure sō.)
yukaドアが外れたよ。どこに置けばいい？ (The door came off. Where can I put this?) (门坏了。我应该把它放在哪里？) (문이 빠졌어. 어디에 두면 돼?) (Tháo được cánh cửa ra rồi. Đặt nó ở đâu thì được?) (doa ga hazureta yo. doko ni okeba ī?)
tatsuyaドアが取れてしまって、何もないね。 (The door came off and there’s nothing.) (门被拆了，没有任何东西。) (문이 떨어져 버려서, 아무것도 없네.) (Cánh cửa bị lấy mất nên chẳng có gì nhỉ.) (doa ga torete shimatte, nani mo nai ne.)
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